Describe Civilizations In The Ancient Mesopotamia - 825 Words

Describe Civilizations In The Ancient Mesopotamia (Essay Sample) Content: Ancient MesopotamiaName InstitutionInstructorSubject DateStratified,class-specific, patriarchalsocieties emerged inhuman history like the Ancient Mesopotamia arose due to Agricultural civilizations. In these civilizations, they usually, undermined the status of women and their potential in the society. In this scenario, these agricultural civilizations were characterized to be patriarchal in the essence that they were run by men. From this assumption, it means that men controlled almost everything from the cultural, economic and political life. Consequently, as these civilizations became more developed and renowned, the status of women deteriorated even further. All families were governed on the patriarchal basis and this situation, the husband was the head of the family and had the final say on the fundamental conditions and major decisions made within the family. Additionally, in this patriarchal family setting, the family structure was under the control of men. All property and the institution of marriage were controlled by men and therefore women were subordinate to men and it was a normal condition for every woman to abide by that. In these scenarios, most of the patriarchal families were depicted by the fact that after marriage women were supposed to moved to orbit the husbands residence (History World International, 1992).Since Mesopotamia was an agricultural society, which was situated between Rivers Tigris and Euphrates, as result of the artificial irrigation systems it led to the emergence of social classes and stratification of different communities. The three major classes that include the as nobility, the free citizens and the slaves. The Agricultural environment called in for the stratification of the society and one could be treated according to the social status he or she held in the society. The society was composed of Kings, Priests, Scribes, Merchants and Artisans, commoners and slaves. Slaves the lowest class in that society and were supposed to work in the agricultural areas without payment. (Hierarchy Structure, 2013). Consequently, in the Ancient Mesopotamia there were different duties for different gender in the society. In this case, for the day to day live, men were supposed to go out and work. This is usually on their specialized duties like being a musician, a builder or a mason. On the other hand, women were left behind to look after children and their households. On the other hand, children were raised in accordance with their gender, in this scenario, boys were trained with skills which they could use to work once they become adults on the other hand, and girls were trained on how to become mothers and wives. The womans main role in the society was to clean, cook and raise the children. Additionally, women could also become midwives and even sell the surplus goods they obtained in their families (SMS Promotions, n.d). In the Aryan society, patriarchal was depicted by in the Vedic period wher eby men held positions in power and was supposed to descend only through the male line. Additionally, the idea of the castes came in and brought a social stratification into different lifestyles, rituals statuses, social status and occupation. In the Aryan civilization there were four castles. Brahmins (priests and Scholars), the kshatriyas (kings, governors and warriors), the vaishyas, (cattle herders and merchants) and the shudras (the laborers and services providers (Boundless, 2015). Consequently, like many civilizations in the world, ancient China also witnessed social classes society. This civilization was divided into Fengjian Structure this gave rise to four classes. The highest class was that of King and his family, followed by the Shi Class, Nong Class, Gong class, and the Shang class. In this scenario, the King was the highest the highly respected class in the empire, he owned the largest land and ruled over people. The Shi Class were the scholars of the Shou and Shang D ynasties. Additionally, the Nong were the peasant farmers while the Gong was composed of craftsmen and artisans. Finally, the Shang was the lowest class that was composed of traders and merchants (Hierarchy Structure, 2013). In conclusion, Stratified,class-specific, patriarchalsocieties emerged inhuman history like the Ancient Mesopotamia, Aryan and Chinese, arose due to Agricultural civilizations. This is because, in the agricultural civilizations called in for more organized society to use...

The Impact of Terrorism on State Law Enforcement Free Essay Example, 3000 words

The response of police to terrorism at the local level has led to much controversy concerning its infringement on the constitutional rights of local residents and visitors. In a country with a strong constitutional democracy such as the U. S., there is always much debate going on regarding the safeguarding of the rights of every citizen. Such rights include civil rights, social rights, and political rights. Civil rights constitute the freedom from government intervention in the private field, whereas political rights are essentially freedom of expression and effective political participation. Social rights constitute freedom of access to fundamental goods and services. There is much concern in various public and political sectors that police response to terrorism has gone overboard and violated the civil, social, and political rights of certain groups of people in American society. In particular, police response has hit hard citizens of the Muslim community. There has been general development among the public and the law enforcement of attitude and belief that any local Muslim is a potential terrorist or aids the activities of terrorists. This has led to the unfair targeting by the police of the members of this minority American community, including the violation of their privacy, trespass into their homes, and the illegal searching of their homes and business premises. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Terrorism on State Law Enforcement or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Civil Disobedience Martin Luther King David Thoreau La Riot

Civil Disobedience On April 29, 1992, the City of Los Angeles was surrounded in a riot in response to the not guilty verdicts in the trial of four white Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) officers accused of unlawfully beating Rodney King. Six days later, when the fires were finally extinguished and the smoke had cleared, estimates of the material damage done vary between about $800 million and $1 billion, 54 people had been killed, more than 2000 injured, in excess of 800 structures were burned, and about 10,000 people were arrested.(Khalifah 89) The 1992 riots in the City of Los Angeles were arguably the most devastating civil disturbance in the history of the United States. Anyone can say that a law is unfair and unjust.†¦show more content†¦He believed that everyone should govern himself. He also believed that no one should have to ride on the shoulders of the government, but instead rely on himself.(____) He thought people should treat other people the way they wanted to be treated, and follow the natural laws of society. Martin Luther King Jr. believed there should be laws or it would be total anarchy. Thoreau believed that without the government, every one would naturally treat others as if that person was a neighbor.(____) Thoreau thought that individuals, who were too egotistic and were too easily corrupted, ruled the government. Also, their social thoughts were different as well. Martin Luther King Jr. wanted to change unjust laws, not just for him, but also for his fellow brothers and sisters. He cared about what his people were going through. He had compassion about their suffering and hardship and would not tolerate it any longer. It seems that contrary to Martin Luther Kings motives, Thoreau was selfish. He simply did not want to follow a law because it affected him in an adverse way. He was somewhat of a loner, and thought everyone should be independent, instead of acting like parasites, feeding off one another. Both of these mens work was considered to be Civil Disobedience. However, their peers judge them differently due to their different circumstances. First of all, Martin Luther King was black and Thoreau was white. Since theyShow MoreRelated Civil Disobedience Martin Luther King David Thoreau LA riot Essay examples1119 Words   |  5 Pages Civil Disobedience On April 29, 1992, the City of Los Angeles was surrounded in a riot in response to the quot;not guiltyquot; verdicts in the trial of four white Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) officers accused of unlawfully beating Rodney King. Six days later, when the fires were finally extinguished and the smoke had cleared, â€Å"estimates of the material damage done vary between about $800 million and $1 billion, 54 people had been killed, more than 2000 injured, in excess of 800 structures

CSR Activities of Coca ColaClick for Get Free Solution

Question: Discuss the CSR Activities of Coca Cola. Answer: Introduction: Although the ulterior objective of any private organization is profit maximization, it also should ensure that its business practice does not create any environmental hazard, but if possible, does contribute to the well-being of the world. Keeping in mind, the responsible act of doing business, even large multinational companies, such as Coca Cola, is engaging much in CSR activities. The involvement in CSR activities, is not only helping Coca Cola in maintaining ecological sustainability and contributing to community well-being, but also in getting competitive advantage. As the CSR activities can easily attract the socially conscious consumers, it directly contributes to the organizational success (Tziner et al. 2013). Discussion: In the world of beverages, Coca cola is one of the most reputed names, leading the consumer market through its production of soft drinks, fruit drinks, sport drinks and many other types of beverages. Although Coca Cola is a leading name in the market of beverages, it is not free from close competition from some of the rival giants such as Monster Beverage or Pepsi. Hence, to retain its top position in the market, Coca Cola has incorporated the idea of CSR in its business strategy (Caplan et al. 2016). Research Questions: The research questions of the following research are as follows: What are the CSR activities that Coca Cola follows? How does the CSR activities help coca cola to attain brand value and enjoy competitive advantage in the business world? To what extent does Coca Cola follow the CSR activities in reality? Literature Review: According to Hills and Wellford, Coca cola is one of the few beverage companies of the world, which has taken up various initiatives to act like a responsible organization in the business world. The major CSR activities which Coca Cola engages itself in, are as follows: Figure 1: CSR Activities of Coca Cola (Caplan et al. 2013) Hills points out that as Coca cola is a beverage manufacturing organization, Coca Cola, puts much effort for the purpose of water conservation. The company follows a 3R approach to the purpose of water conservation. The company believes in Reducing the total amount of water being used, Reusing the wastewater on plants, and Replenishing the water being consumed in the process. For the purpose of replenishment of the water, the company invests on various initiatives, such as the Rain Water Harvesting Programs (Alabau et al. 2015). Wellford has pointed out that the company is also investing much energy and money for the sake of water efficient means of beverage production. The official report suggests that back in the year of 2004, the company was using as much as 2.7 Liters of water, for the purpose of producing a 1 Liter of its beverage product. However, by now the company has reduced its total consumption of water, as the company is using only 2.3 Liters for the production of 1 Liter bottle (Gleick Ajami 2013) . Furthermore, the company is also aiming at reducing the amount to only 1.7 liters, by the year of 2020. The introduction of the idea of water efficiency in the production process in the company was only possible, because the company has invested much money for the acquisition of improved technological devices, and the adoption of water foot printing techniques. Again, Hess has spoken recently about how Coca cola believes in the idea of shared interest. The CEO of Coca cola, Muhtar Kent, has specifically stated that the company believes in giving back as much as it takes. With this view in mind, the company has adopted the 5by20 scheme, which aims at providing adequate training and financial assistance to 5 million women entrepreneurs of the world (Dorfman et al. 2012) . Since, Coca cola as a beverage brand, promotes well-being and the art of healthy living, the industry invests much money for conducting various physical activity and nutrition programs, across the world. In fact, Coca Cola also invests a huge amount of money for helping children take preventive measures against Obesity. Coca Cola also financially helps the children of the lower strata of the society, by offering scholarship to as many as 1,35,000 children and the total amount of scholarship covered, the expense of fees, stationary, books and every other education related exp ense of each student (Stead et al. 2013). Coca cola has been ranked as one of the top 10 most respected brands of the world for its engagement in CSR activities. However, Wright states that Coca Colas CSR activities is a part of its effective business strategy. According to him, the company is benefitting much from CSR activities than the community is benefitting from such activities. In several countries, such as India and the US, the image of Coca Cola was nothing short of a corporate villain, a few years back. This was mainly because of the CSE report, claiming that the company is degrading and damaging the water through its production, and the beverage products were containing a huge amount of pesticides. Resultantly, the product was not only banned in many countries, but its sale dropped by 15% during 2003 (Doh et al. 2014). Hence, it became extremely important for the company to create environmental and social value, by saving energy and water, investing for literacy and sustainability programs. The CSR activities help s in creating goodwill in the minds of consumers as well as stakeholders. In 2013, Nielson conducted a research on 29,000 consumers asking them as to what influences their purchasing decision, and the response was incredible. More than half of the consumers claimed that they are influenced to buy even unhealthy products, if the company is a socially responsible one. Here, it is worth mentioning that Coca Cola has already bagged some prestigious awards such as the Golden Peacock Award for its sincere efforts in CSR activities, and this has doubled the annual revenue of the company (Epstein et al. 2014). It is undeniable that Coca Cola is actively contributing to question of community well-being and environmental sustainability, even if it is ultimately guided by profit-oriented goals. However, according to Frundt, reports suggest that Coca Cola, as a company, largely indulges in employee discrimination activities, based on racial considerations. Further, on various occasions, charges have been brought against the company for polluting soil, poisoning water, causing water shortage in the interior parts of each country (Karnani et al. 2013). Research Methodology: The researcher must have a clear idea about the methodology he is going to employ for conducting the research, as this will help in organizing his resources towards a cohesive whole. The research philosophy that the researcher is going to adopt is mainly Interpretivism. Although, the researcher will conduct both qualitative as well as quantitative method of research, he primarily aims to investigate the relation between Coca Colas CSR activities and the additional revenue generated by it. For this, Interpretivism will help the researcher in making an in-depth study of the present CSR strategy of Coca Cola, with the help of interview and interactive sessions with the managers and accountants of the company. The biggest advantage of CSR will be that the researcher will be able to have a thorough understanding of what Coca Cola and how is that helping the company in increasing its brand value in the business world (Portac et al. 2014). The researcher will be going to adopt both qualitative as well as quantitative methods for conducting the research. On the one hand, the researcher aims to investigate the extent to which Coca Colas CSR activities influence the purchasing decision of the buyers. On the other hand, the researcher also intends to find out how the different CSR activities are incorporated into the business strategy of the firm. For the former, the researcher will need a statistical data and hence employ a quantitative research method, while for the latter, a qualitative method will do (Creswell et al. 2013). Data Collection Method: The researcher will be chiefly collecting and using Secondary Data, as the researcher will be conducting the research by holding interviews and conducting surveys. The researcher will hold the interview with the accountants and the managers of Coca Cola, Australia, to understand the different CSR activities of the organization, and the impact of the same on the annual revenue and brand reputation of the company. The researcher will choose face-to-face as well as telephonic interviews. Besides, the researcher will conduct a survey on a few consumers and distribute a questionnaire to each one of them, asking them the extent to which CSR activities influence their buying behavior. The survey will be conducted both offline and online. However, the researcher will also use Primary data as he will go through the public records and official documents on Coca Cola company, and other literary articles, before conducting the research (Bryman et al. 2015). The research tools that will be requir ed for conducting the research are- questionnaires, pencil, and telephonic connection. Further, the researcher will also need access to online survey sites, such as SurveyMonkey. Data Analysis Method: The sample size of the research for interview is 6. The researcher will conduct the interview on 3 managers and 3 accountants of the Coca Cola company. Again, the sample size of the research for the survey is 50. Here, the sampling method, that the researcher is going to use, is Stratified Sampling Method. As a result, here, the researcher will be selecting the respondents for the survey on two conditions- (i) they are consumers of beverage products and (ii) they are well aware of the CSR activities of the beverage companies. Based on these criteria, they will be allowed to participate in the survey (Fowler et al. 2013). Expected Outcome: The researcher expects that by the end of the research process, he will be able to have a thorough understanding regarding the process by which large multinational organizations, such as Coca Cola, employ CSR strategies to achieve organizational success. Further, the researcher will also be able to make an enquiry into the fact that whether Coca Cola, employs CSR merely as a strategy or it does bring about significant social change (Hansen 2015). Reference List: Alabau, G.M.C., Shaw, K.A., Kenney, M.R., Kalloch, S. and Nelson, T., 2015. The Challenge of Positive Water Balance for Multinational Corporations. Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015.Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Caplan, D., Dutta, S.K. and Lawson, R.A., 2013. Corporate social responsibility initiatives across the value chain.Journal of Corporate Accounting Finance,24(3), pp.15-24. Caplan, D., Dutta, S.K. and Lawson, R.A., 2016. Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives Across the Value Chain.Journal of Corporate Accounting Finance,27(4), pp.57-66. Creswell, J.W., 2013.Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Doh, J.P. and Quigley, N.R., 2014. Responsible leadership and stakeholder management: Influence pathways and organizational outcomes.The Academy of Management Perspectives,28(3), pp.255-274. Dorfman, L., Cheyne, A., Friedman, L.C., Wadud, A. and Gottlieb, M., 2012. Soda and tobacco industry corporate social responsibility campaigns: how do they compare?.PLoS Med,9(6), p.e1001241. Epstein, M.J. and Buhovac, A.R., 2014.Making sustainability work: Best practices in managing and measuring corporate social, environmental, and economic impacts. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Fowler Jr, F.J., 2013.Survey research methods. Sage publications. Gleick, P.H. and Ajami, N., 2014.The World's Water Volume 8: The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources(Vol. 8). Island press. Hansen, R.T., 2015.Corporate Social Responsibility and Tax Avoidance in Sub-Saharan Africa-A Case Study of the Beverage Manufacturing Sector(Doctoral dissertation). Karnani, A.G., 2013. Corporate Social Responsibility Does Not Avert the Tragedy of the Commons--Case Study: Coca-Cola India.Ross School of Business Paper, (1210). Potrac, P., Jones, R.L. and Nelson, L., 2014. 4 Interpretivism.Research methods in sports coaching, p.31. Stead, J.G. and Stead, W.E., 2013. The coevolution of sustainable strategic management in the global marketplace.Organization Environment, p.1086026613489138. Tziner, A., 2013. Corporative social responsibility (CSR) activities in the workplace: A comment on Aguinis and Glavas (2013).Revista de Psicologa del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones,29(2), pp.91-93.