Canadian Briefing Note (LCBO) Essay Example for Free

Canadian Briefing Note (LCBO) Essay 1. Introduction The Liquor Control Board of Ontario (LCBO) is a Crown Corporation established in 1927. It operates nearly 600 stores across the province and has a monopoly on the sale of spirits in Ontario.1 LCBO generated nearly $2.9 billion annually for the people of Ontario including $2 billion in taxes and another $900 million in profits each year, making it the second largest government liquor distributor in the world.2 The former Tories planed to sell the boards revenue stream while retaining actual ownership. Now, Dalton McGuintys Liberals was handing out a workbook to focus groups it had convened, saying that the 600 stores could be sold as franchises. Theres something about the prospect of a $5.6-billion deficit that has encouraged the government to obtain funds from selling its prime asset. However, the Ontario Liquor Board Employees Union has been running a successful campaign against privatizing the LCBO, and at same time, National Union of Public and General Employees threw its full support behind a campaign to stop government of from privatizing the phenomenally-profitable Liquor Control Board of Ontario. Should LCBO be privatized now? In this report, first of all, the importance of the issue is discussed, then a detailed analysis of the interests among government, business and public is presented, finally I will draw the conclusion and make a few of recommendations for privatization of LCBO. 2. Importance of the Issue 2.1. Revenue The LCBO is a highly profitable business owned by the government of Ontario. It is also a significant component of the economy of the province. It generates $2.9 billion a year in taxes and profits. The LCBO also contributes to the economy of Ontario in salaries, rents, and the purchase of various goods and services. This sum of money has a multiplier effect on the provincial economy, larger than the original amount injected into the economy. 3 2.2. Pricing and Marketing The LCBO carries a very wide selection of quality-tested products throughout the province at uniform prices. The liquor control boards can, as single buyers, bargain for lower prices and greater special discounts from suppliers and carriers. The privately-owned outlets are fragmented and multiply rapidly and are therefore not centralized in their operations and distribution network. Privately-owned retail outlets also require higher rates of return on their capital costs than control boards, and these higher costs, among others, lead to higher alcohol prices under privatization. 2.3. Employment The LCBO is a progressive employer of a committed and customer oriented workforce who are classified as permanent (amount 3362) and casual, and full-time and part-time.4 LCBO privatization means the laying off of LCBO employees that will lead to huge losses to the treasury and economy of Ontario. Thus the union struggles to organize campaign against the privatization. 2.4. Society Influence Privatizing the LCBO would likely lead to increased access to alcohol, increased consumption and therefore more alcohol-related costs. The significant potential consequences of the privatization of alcohol monopolies include: increased overall population consumption; increased sales to under-aged and intoxicated patrons; increased problems with monitoring and enforcement. 3. Analysis of Privatization 3.1. Government From the aspect of government, it is a current trend that government should not put more intervention in business. Tory said in throne speech: The government will sell businesses it should not operate and assets it should not own. 5 Thus it is reasonable that the former and current minister planned to sell off or partly sell the LCBO. Another reason for privatization may attribute to fiscal deficit, because ministers want to cut its deficit during their terms. The sale of LCBO will obviously resolve its financial problem in short term. However, if we consider it as a financial decision in the long term, it may not be a good choice. Because LCBO is running very well now, it brings an annual dividend of $975 million to government or people of Ontario in 2002-03.6 3.2. Business Many private investors would prefer to buy the franchise of LCBO or directly buy its retail shop. Because LCBO has already established its stable customer base, and have its brand recognizing advantage, it will be a little easy to develop their business in such situation. But due to limit of small scale, its operating cost would be higher than the LCBO, this may lead to high sale price of liquor. And at same reason, it may not control the quality of product as LCBO does. Until now, too many small towns didnt get LCBO service because they couldnt support the overhead of a full-sized LCBO store. Sterling, the former minister of consumer and business services, told reporters. With our go-ahead to offer franchises to existing retailers in very small markets, well improve service for residents and visitors, while preserving the LCBOs social responsibility standards. 5 3.3. Public Most people are satisfied the LCBOs product and service, and support the board control. Alcohol is special commodity, thus government intervention is needed at this situation, even though LCBO has monopoly status in Ontario area. All LCBO retail employees are trained to Challenge and Refuse service to anyone who appears underage and cannot provide valid ID or appears intoxicated. Last year, LCBO frontline staff challenged 1.2 million would-be customers and refused service to nearly 70,000, about two-thirds of whom appeared underage and could not provide valid ID.7 It is difficult to imagine what will happen if all these retail shops are sold to private investors, they may consider more on their own economic benefit and neglect social liability. Increased alcohol problems such as sale to under-aged and intoxicated patron are very likely happen. 4. Recommendation and Conclusion The privatization of LCBO is a complicated issue, because we should consider the relationship and interests among government, business, and public. On one hand, normally government should not act as a policy decision maker and business operator at same time, which will easily lead to monopoly and against good faith.8 On another hand, we have to consider that alcohol is special commodity, which should be effectively controlled by government based on public interest. Therefore my suggestion is to partly privatize LCBO, it will decrease business monopoly in the market, but government could still occupy large part of share, so it can effectively regulate the operation of business. There are many methods of privatization, and some ideas had been mentioned by government in LCBO history, such as franchise store in rural area, merge with Beer Store, and income trust. The main concern is to find an appropriate way to balance the interests of all parties, and make the privatization go smoothly during a period, not suddenly hit some partys interests, and untimely be accepted by all groups. In order to achieve this goal, the LCBO and ministry must be more transparent in their decision-making, and more open to consideration of public health interests. From this point of view, government could organize a board which has enough members from different stakeholders, such as employees of LCBO, representative of Ontario citizen, expert of public health and safety, economists, private investor and government officer. They could regularly meet together to discuss the possible method of privatization and collect all kinds of opinion and feedback from society. Although this method may spend more time during policy-decision process, only when the issue is thoroughly discussed and known by public, the rational policy could be made to reflect all partys interest and untimely encounter less resistance while it is applied. Endnotes: 1. LCBO, Business Information, http://www.lcbo.com/aboutlcbo/businessinformation.shtml (accessed 16 October 2004). 2. LCBO Annual Report 2003, 44, http://www.lcbo.com/aboutlcbo/annualreport2003.shtml(accessed 17 October 2004). 3. Ontario Liquor Boards Employees Union, LCBO Revenues, http://www.ourlcbo.com/revenues.htm (accessed 18 October 2004). 4. LCBO Annual Report 2003, 44, http://www.lcbo.com/aboutlcbo/annualreport2003.shtml (accessed 18 October 2004). 5. The National Union of Public and General Employees, Ontario opening 150 private rural liquor outlets, http://www.nupge.ca/news_2001/news_se01/n26se01a.htm (accessed 19 October 2004). 6. LCBO Annual Report 2003, 11, http://www.lcbo.com/aboutlcbo/annualreport2003.shtml (accessed 19 October 2004). 7. LCBO, Todays LCBO, http://www.lcbo.com/aboutlcbo/todayslcbo.shtml#social (accessed 20 October 2004). 8. Glen E. Randall David S. Barrows, Business P700 Lecture (McMaster University, 15 October 2004). Bibliography: 1. Daniel Girard. Liquor stores could still be up for sale, Harris says. The Toronto Star, 27 May 1999. 2. Ian Urquhart. McGuinty puts controversial Tory ideas into play. The Toronto Star, 2 Oct. 2004. 3. Nuri T. Jazairi. The Impact of Privatizing the Liquor Control Board of Ontario. http://www.yorku.ca/nuri/lcbo.htm (accessed 18 October 2004). 4. Robert Benzie. Eves talked of selling LCBO, insiders say. The Toronto Star, 31 Oct. 2003. 5. Robert Benzie. Eves sought list of assets to be sold. The Toronto Star, 2 November 2003.

Objectification of Women in The House of Mirth Essay -- House Mirth Es

Objectification of Women in The House of Mirth      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Edith Wharton's The House of Mirth is an affront to the false social values of fashionable New York society.   The heroine is Lily Bart, a woman who is destroyed by the very society that produces her.   Lily is well-born but poor.   The story traces the decline of Lily as she moves through a series of living residences, from houses to hotel lodgings.   Lily lives in a New York society where appearances are all.   Women have a decorative function in such an environment, and even her name, Lily, suggests she is a flower of femininity, i.e. an object of decoration as well as of desirability to the male element.   We see this is very true once Lily's bloom fades, as it were, a time when she is cast aside by her peers no longer being useful as something to admire on the surface.   The theme of the novel in this aspect is that identity based on mere appearance is not enough to sustain the human soul physically or metaphysically.   Once she is no longer able to keep the "eye" of her peers, Lily finds herself with no identity and dies.   This analysis will discuss the theme of the objectification of women in a male dominated society inherent throughout the novel.    Lily Bart and her mother have been socially "ruined" in a sense because of the economic failures of their father and husband respectfully.   However, Lily's mother teaches her that she can still maintain a high social status if she marries well, i.e. a rich man. In fact, Lily's mother is known for making the most out of the least as she is "famous for the unlimited effect she produced on limited means" (Wharton 48).   In a society where women are considered valuable only for the appearance they present, it is impossible f... ...vel could possibly be that women are commodified from the cradle to the grave and that never in a male dominated society will they ever be fully appreciated as separate entities with whole identities equal and separate from males.      WORKS   CITED       Restuccia, F. L.   "The Name of the Lily:   Edith Wharton's Feminism(s)." The House of Mirth:   Case Studies in Contemporary Criticism.   Benstock, S. (ed.).   New York, Bedford Books, 1994, 404-418.    Robinson, L. S.   "The Traffic in Women:   A Cultural Critique of The House of Mirth."   The House of Mirth:   Case Studies in Contemporary Criticism.   Benstock, S. (ed.).   New York, Bedford Books, 1994, 340-58.    Wharton, E.   The House of Mirth.   New York, Bedford Books, 1994.    2                                                      

Social Injustice’s of Women in India

Violations Against Women in India Women all over the world are affected by social injustice. In many countries rules and laws have been put in place to ensure the equal treatment of women. Although these laws and rules have not kept things perfect they have helped to maintain a balance between men and women. This work towards equality does not function the same in all countries. There are still places where women are beaten, raped, and murdered without so much as a second thought. Some of these places even have rules in place to prevent these practices, but they are frequently overlooked. India is one of these places. A place that is both progressive on paper and in some urban areas but are also far behind in practice and in rural communities. What progress has already been made to protect women in India and what still needs to be done to ensure the equal treatment of women in all areas of India? According to the International Violence Against Women Act on Amnesty International’s site, â€Å"Violence against women and girls represents a global health, economic development, and human rights problem. At least one out of every three women worldwide has been beaten, coerced into sex, or otherwise abused in her lifetime, with rates of domestic violence reaching 70% in some countries. † This abuse of women and their rights is something more developed countries are taking very seriously. Over 7,000 women in India will be murdered by their family or their husband’s family because of arguments about dowries. â€Å"Violence against women is rooted in a global culture of discrimination which denies women equal rights with men and which legitimizes the appropriation of women's bodies for individual gratification or political ends. Every year, violence in the home and the community devastates the lives of millions of women. † (Amnesty). The study of why and how women are treated they way they have been is a fairly recent study. Purkayastha explains when this study arose, â€Å"The contemporary study of gender in India arose within a specific sociohistorical context: the establishment of a nation-state in 1947 after two centuries of British colonialism† (Purkayastha , 504). A long time ago in India men and women were prescribed equal status but as time progressed, through medieval times of great inequalities between men and women to the present days of equal rights. In an opening verse of the Apastamba Sutra from around 4 BCE, quoted and translated on Amnesty International, it is stated that, â€Å"the primary duty of women is enjoined to be service to one’s husband. † Originally in ancient India women were looked at as equals. They were free to choose their own husbands at a mature age and maintained equal status in most areas of life. Shortly after this period of equality the number of equalities that existed between men and women began to diminish. Invasions as well as Christianity were contributors to the decline of equal rights for women. As the medieval period came around in India conditions for women continued to get worse. Sati, when a woman throws herself on her husband’s funeral pyre, child marriages, and the ban of women remarrying became the norm for Indian women. Polygamy in the Hindu tradition became more mainstream, as well as the sexual exploitation of temple women. While all of these hardships for women existed there also existed a small counterforce of women who surpassed men in areas like religion, education and politics. Sikhism also provided women with an opportunity for more rights and greater equality. One of the main messages of the Sikhs being equality between men and women especially during worship, for example when singing, being active members of the community, marriage equality, Baptismal equality, and even the opportunity to lead armies. According to Amnesty International â€Å"Violence against women is rampant in all corners of the world. Such violence is a human rights violation that manifests itself in a number of ways, including: violence against women in custody, acid burning and dowry deaths, â€Å"honor† killings, domestic violence, female genital mutilation, human rights violations based on actual or perceived sexual identity, gender based asylum, and the problem of impunity† (Amnesty). These violations against women exist all over the world especially in less progressive areas, such as third world countries, one of these countries being India. Violations against women in prison go largely unnoticed because these are things that happen behind closed doors and are mostly invisible to the public. Things like rape, groping during body searches, shackling during childbirth, and sexual assault are all common practices that have existed within in prisons in India. Sexual favors and lack of physical and psychological care are also major issues in many female correctional facilities. Another previously common social injustice against women in India is acid burning and dowry deaths. Jejeebhoy explains how keeping women in the dark is a way of expelling control, â€Å"Evidence of the limited control that Indian women exercise over their own lives is increasingly documented. Recent studies underscore their limited control over material and other resources, their restricted access to knowledge and information, their constrained authority to make independent decisions, their enforced lack of physical mobility, and their inability to forge equitable power relationships within families (Basu 1992; Visaria 1996; Jejeebhoy 2000). The role of men as gatekeepers enforcing this status quo is implicitly recognized, and, particularly since the International Conference on Population and Development held in Cairo in 1994, the need to involve men in working for greater gender equity has been widely expressed† (Jejeebhoy, 299). An interview with a traveler to India, who experienced some direct encounters of female injustice and its current practice, was conducted. Devin Anderson a senior at the University of Iowa experienced accounts of female inequality and degradation through members of his Knolls group when studying in India. Interviewer: When you were in India where did you travel? DEVIN: I backpacked mostly in the Himalayan Mountains and in nearby rural villages. INTERVIEWER: While you traveled in these villages did you witness or experience any inequalities between the women and men? DEVIN: In many of the villages I visited the men and the women both held specific roles, ones that were part of their society, part of their way of living. Most of the duties that these roles implied were based on gender. I had also witnessed some inequality between the two genders. Like one day we went to a restaurant type place in one of the larger rural villages we were visiting, and while we were there some of the women in my group went to go order some food. The men who were there to take orders blatantly ignored their requests and waited for one of the men in our group to order for them. Women were apparently not allowed to speak or order for themselves and the men there actually seemed a little offended that these women had even tried. INTERVIEWER: What were some of the duties the women had versus the men? DEVIN: Typical things that many people think of when it comes to older American practices. Things like the men would tend to the animals and slaughter them for the meals. Women were expected to look after the children, cook, and tend to the house. INTERVIEWER: Do you think major inequalities like these exist all over India? DEVIN: No, many women in India have jobs and lives all their own, especially in urban areas. Unfortunately in many rural areas many inequalities still exist. There are four main practices that can still be found in practice in rural areas even with the ban that exists on them. These four practices are sati, jauhar, purdah, and devadasis. Sati is a rather old practice where a widow throws herself on her husband’s funeral pyre. This practice was abolished in 1829 but there have still been reported cases in India. Jauhar is the practice of burning the living wives and even daughters of warriors who had been defeated. This was supposed to be a voluntary act meant to prevent the capture and rape by the enemy. This practice has not officially been banned in India. Purdah is a practice that is still common all over India. It is the act of requiring women to keep their bodies covered in order to disguise their form. The practice of purdah is not religious like most believe and the extent to which a woman must be covered is decided by whichever group has imposed the idea. The last drastic social injustice against women in India is devadasis. This is the marrying of a woman to a certain deity or temple. Later during the medieval period it became common for men to engage in the sexual exploitation of these women. Much of the violence and rights violations that women in India experience, come from the home. Jejeebhoy explains, â€Å"In most of India, in both north and south and among both Hindus and Muslims, the family is mainly patriarchal, patrilocal, and patrilineal. The country has long been known for in egalitarian gender relations (Altekar 1962; Karve 1965). Women are defined as inferior; husbands are assumed to â€Å"own† women, and to have the right to dominate them. In egalitarian gender relations deny women a decision-making role in family matters, inhibit them from moving about freely, prevent their access to material resources, and expose them to violence in the household† Jejeebhoy, 300). The limitations that are imposed on women are what help to keep them down. By keeping women down they are kept from knowing anything different, anything that will help them to become equal, protected people. Since India has become independent women are allowed to be a part of almost all public aspects of life. Areas like art, politics, science/technology, and education are ju st a few examples of Indian culture that women were not always allowed to be a part of. The fight of women for rights has lead to the government of India to view women as equal. Ray explains, â€Å"Analysis of the various identities through which women are mobilized can- not be complete without the recognition of the increased visibility of women in right wing movements in many parts of the world† (Ray, 51). The Constitution of India actually provides assurance of equal opportunity, pay, and no discrimination. The Indian government now also promotes humane work conditions and time off for maternity leave. Feminism did hit India, in a smaller way than in the United States and more than a decade later. Ray explains that the written word is what helped spread feminism and activism, â€Å"Literature on women's activism has shown that women are mobilized not only as women but also as mothers, workers, peasants, and citizens. Initially, scholars focused on interests, specifically whether such a thing as â€Å"women's interests† could be identified. More recently the focus has been on identities, specifically how identities mobilize women† (Ray, 48-49). A case of rape of a young girl in a police station kicked off several protests in the late 70s. This led to the formation of many NGOs that supported women’s rights and help feminism ideas spread to more rural communities. The formation of these NGOs also gave recognition to the overall lack in education and economic development for Indian women. The initial lack of technology and capitalism kept Indian women marginalized for a long time. It was not until India began to â€Å"Westernize† that women began to mobilize. Ray states, â€Å"The representatives of the first position argue that a rise in the levels of urbanization, industrialization, and education leads to an increase in women's mobilization (Chafetz & Dworkin 1986, Margolis 1993; for a critique see Basu 1995, Papanek 1993). It has become increasingly evident that this focus on the spread of capital- ism, or on general processes of urbanization, industrialization, and education obscures rather than illuminates the processes that shape women's movements† (Ray, 52). Globalization has also played a major role in India’s development and progress with women’s rights. After the spread of technology and women in third world countries were able to see and hear about the progress women had been making in other countries they themselves were able to rise up an organize. According to Ganguly-Scrase, â€Å"Globalization has and continues to have differential impacts on men and women (Basu 1995; Bergeron 2001; Freeman 2001; Oza 2001; Walby 2000). Since the mid- 1980s, India has pursued a policy of economic liberalization, which was a dramatic reversal of earlier policies of protecting domestic industrial capital. It has been argued that the privatization of public sector enterprises, reduction in public sector investment, and lower government expenditure on poverty eradication pro- grams have not served the interests of women† (Ganguly-Scrase, 545). Although India is behind in its literacy rate for women and there are fewer women enrolled in school compared to men, it does not mean the opportunity is not there. Ray states, â€Å"There currently exist two conceptualizations of conditions under which women mobilize. These conditions are either structural and universal or historically and locationally specific, with local variations obstructing or facilitating the specific forms of women's movements† (Ray, 52). Many families, especially in more rural communities, keep older traditions. Traditions where the women’s roles are to take care of their families and husbands and literacy and education are not primary concerns. There has been progress made towards achieving more equality among the number of girls and boys who attend and finish school. Organizations have been put into place to educate the people in rural communities in India. For many years the women of India have been mistreated and abused. These blatant violations of women’s rights have been swept under the carpet even after the Constitution was amended and India declared its independence from Great Britain. These feats and more have pushed the development of human rights for women in India, but there is still progress to be made. The way women have been and continue to be treated is a concern that women and men all over the world must face and work to correct. Until we recognize that not all places are as well off as we are, the injustices cannot be set right. Works Cited Amnesty International. â€Å"Women's Human Rights. † Amnesty International USA. Amnesty International, 2001. Web. 11 April 2010. Ganguly-Scrase, Ruchira. â€Å"Paradoxes of Globalization, Liberalization, and Gender Equality: The Worldviews of the Lower Middle Class in West Bengal, India. † Gender and Society 17. 4 (2003): 544-566. Web. 2 Apr 2010. Jejeebhoy, Shireen J. â€Å"Convergence and Divergence in Spouses' Persoectives on Women's Autonomy in Rural India. Studies in Family Planning 33. 4 (2002): 299-308. Web. 9 Apr 2010. Moursund, Anne. â€Å"Individual and Community Effects of Women's Education and Autonomy on Contraceptive Use in India. † Population Studies 57. 3 (2003): 285-301. Web. 2 Apr 2010. Purkayastha, Bandana. â€Å"The Study of Gender in India: A Partial Review. † Gender and Society 17. 4 (2003): 503-524. Web. 9 Apr 2010. Ray, R. , and A. C. Korteweg. â€Å"Women's Movements in the Third World: Identity, Mobilization, and Autonomy. † Annual Review of Sociology 25. (1999): 47-71. Web. 9 Apr 2010.

The Effectiveness of Prison Education Rehabilitation Essay...

Education is not a fix all by any means, but it is the best start to solving the large literacy rates of US prisons. Of course, it will require much hard work on the part of the prisoner getting out, and there may be a large percentage who do not desire to take advantage of such programs, but Americans should encourage and give these individuals tools to help them back into society. Pont sums it up best, â€Å"Our aim should be to propel offenders into, rather than away from, successful participation in the labor force† (23). Stimulation of involvement in the work force will encourage offenders of the law to stay out of trouble rather than to take the revolving door that always leads back to the same place. Perhaps the most important†¦show more content†¦Convicting, sentencing, and imprisoning are just the first few steps of reducing crime. All the effort, time, and money that go into keeping criminals locked up and off the streets are really for nothing in the end if he or she commits the same crime again after release. James Haley, who is the book editor of â€Å"Prisons† points out, â€Å"Every year, close to six hundred thousand inmates are released from state and federal prisons around the country. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, two-thirds of former convicts commit new crimes and one-half are re-incarcerated within three years of being released from prison† (138). Are US prisons truly effective when so many prisoners are committing new crimes upon release? It is for the better interests of American safety that some prisoners are locked up for life, but this should not include the constant return of re-offenders. The life of most convicts invol ves committing a crime and being sentenced to jail only to repeat the same process again. Many re-offenders see incarceration as a ticket to a place to sleep and food to eat. Release from prison should be treated as a stepping stone back into society. However, are released prisoners really to blame for a large percentage of re-incarcerations? According to Jeremy Travis, â€Å"Too often, the moment of release is viewed as the end of the assembly line; the prisoner is simply shown the door and sentShow MoreRelatedEffectiveness of Prisons and Jails to Rehabilitate1054 Words   |  5 Pagesabandonment of rehabilitation in corrections was confirmed by the U.S. Supreme Court. In Mistretta v. United States, the Court upheld federal sentencing guidelines which remove rehabilitation from serious consideration when sentencing offenders. Defendants will henceforth be sentenced strictly for the crime, with no recognition given to such factors as amenability to treatment, personal and family history, previous efforts to rehabilitate oneself, or possible alternatives to prison. 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ForRead More Prisoners Normative Reintegration into Society Essay1693 Words   |  7 Pagesreturning to normative lives in society (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2008). Prison aims to serve retribution, incapacitate, deter, and rehabilitate offenders, but much of the research on recidivism rates criticize the idea that â€Å"prison works† (Dhami, 2006). However, it seems with so many prisoners returning to prison within a year of being released, the prison system is not providing inmates with the rehabilitation and therapy needed to function once they return to society. In the past many studiesRead MoreDoes prison work1064 Words   |  5 PagesDoes Prison Work? The aim of this essay is to analyse and discuss the prison system in England and Wales to determine whether or not the current prison system works. 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Since th at first â€Å"penitentiary†, public opinion and policies regarding incarceration have waiveredRead MoreEvaluating The Effectiveness Of Maryland s Correctional Education Program1486 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract: This research proposals seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of Maryland’s Correctional Education program, by examining Maryland’s Criminal Justice Reinvestment program. The goal of the reinvestment program is to reinvest freed funds from closing select prisons back into the criminal justice system and use them to improve correctional education and rehabilitation programs. The end goal is to have an ex-offender that is able to provide for themselves without returning back to crime. StudiesRead MorePrograms That Help Convicts Return Of The Community1520 Words   |  7 Pagesfederal and state prisons and jails prepare for their reentrance into society. These programs’ main aim is to equip prisoners with skills and information to assist them in their transition from prison into the community and help them survive life outside of prison. These curriculums offer a lot of relevant knowledge according to each prisoner’s situation. This process phase of the development is called â€Å"Protect and Prepare† (Corrections, Pg. 141).They include education, rehabilitation, transitional workRead MoreWhy Are Prisons Still Successful For Helping Prevent Crime?1180 Words   |  5 Pagesthe UK, the prison population has more than doubled in less than 20 years. The cost to keep someone in prison for a year is  £36,808. The UK spends a higher percentage of the countries GDP on public order per year than any other EU country and even the US. Why are our prisons still highly unsuccessful in helping prevent crime? Prisons have barbaric beginnings from the medieval dungeon and torture chamber in the late 18th century. They have always combined punishment with rehabilitation. The only difference

Chipotles Is A Fast Casual Dining Concept That Has Proven...

Micro Econ Paper Chipotle’s is a fast-casual dining concept that has proven people care about their food. Chipotle has been at the forefront of the healthy fast casual concept for years now. They have continually pushed the envelope when it comes to the locally sourced, locally grown movement. Since the launch of Chipotle other companies have tried jumping on board with this movement, some have done well and others not. Chipotle carved a specific niche out of a burgeoning market that was saturated with the newest menu item at rock bottom prices. Since then a number of competitors with very similar menu items and philosophies have entered into the market. Qdoba and FreeBirds are just two competitors that offer very similar menu items. However, for this comparison we will be looking at a traditional fast food chain that has embraced the fresh quality movement and redefined its self as a healthier and better option than its competitors. â€Å"Chipotle had 2,010 restaurants in operation as of December 31,2015. While Wendy’s has 6,479, restaurants worldwide (As of 1/3/2016), Ranked at #162 Chipotle Mexican Grill Market Cap as of May 2015 $20.5 Billion. Employing 53,900 people, with sales at 4.11 Billion dollars (Forbes, n.d). ‘However, due to a health scare in late of 2015 Chipotle took a major hit. dropping its market cap to $12,473,967,164 as of 4/29/2016 (Chipotle, n.d). â€Å"In contrast, Wendy’s has a market cap (As of 05/02/2016) $ 3,030,944,629.20 (Wendy’s, n.d). Also, with almost

The Image Of Community Nursing Implications For Future...

A critique is a detailed analysis and assessment of something. It is important to critique a research paper because publication does not mean quality. The title ‘the image of community nursing: implications for future student nurse recruitment’ (Norman, 2015) efficiently outlined the main context of the research paper which is the perception that young people have on Nursing as a career, this is mentioned in the introduction at the beginning of the paper as well as in the title, which displays to the reader straight away the topic of the paper its self. However, it did not state in the title that the perception is based on that of younger people. The second part of the title states that the research is surrounding what implication the perception will have on future student nurses and the ability to recruit them. Within the research paper it includes the mention that there is the issue of the fact that young people are not pursuing careers in nursing due to the perception surrounding it which is that nursing is valued as a lower skilled job below that of a doctor and that you do not need many qualifications to become a nurse. This stigma is implicating the recruitment of student nurses due to the mass decrease in students training in this field. The information is clearly highlighted in the title in bold across the top of the paper, which includes the key topic of the paper. The title is therefore appropriate in regards to the subject studied. 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Change Management Workforce Alignment

Question: Describe about the Change Management for Workforce Alignment. Answer: Introduction The Current Change Management can be described as a management, which helps in introducing new type of technologies in an organization for performing a large variety of tasks successfully. New processes can be easily introduced with the help of the change management, which further helps in managing the people of the organization as per according to the changes made. The successful implementation of the current change management depends upon the type of business an organization is carrying out and it also depends upon the type of the people or the customers getting involved in that vary process. The current change management is a structural type of approach, which is very beneficial for any small, medium or large organization for implementing any type of process or the change in the organization, which helps in achieving a large variety of benefits smoothly and efficiently. Different models of Change management The current change management of the organization can perform successfully if and only if all the members of that organization would participate in each and every step or the change of the organization in an effective and efficient manner. It should take some time for the people of the organization to start performing according to the new change introduced in the organization, so it is the responsibility of the change management of the company to take several steps for the people so that they can easily adopt those several changes. The success of the change management consists of various steps or factors like:- Planning In the planning phase, the complete description about why the change is required in the organization is clearly mentioned and it also describes the various advantages and disadvantages of that particular change (Normandin, 2012). Informed stakeholders This phase shows the commitment of the various stakeholders of the company, for the effective participation of all of them in the change introduces within the organization. Making the people aware about the several changes is also the responsibility of these stakeholders. Workforce alignment This phase of the current change management provides the description about the impacts on the people due to the change made in the organization. It also provides the information and several methods to the management of the company for the aligning the people of the company together for the sake of the company (Connelly, 2016). Current change management is responsible for affecting the company as well as the various people connected to the company. The successful implementation of any type of change is directly dependent upon the work done by each and every employee individually in a specific time period (Bourda, 2013). Various theories of the current change management are described in the report below. Lewins 3-Stage Model of Change This model was developed by Kurt Lewin in the year 1947, for understanding the various factors related to the change required in the organization. This model consists of three different- different stages related to the change introduces and it is also known as Unfreeze- Change Refreeze model of the change management. This model provides the description about the change made within the organization with the help of the strategy of the change in shape of the ice block. The three different stages of this model are discussed below. Unfreeze stage It helps the management of the organization in selecting the important changes required for the goodwill of the company or an organization. Provides new techniques for performing several operations. Provides a methodology for accomplishing the various changes required. It challenges the various beliefs, attitude and the policies of the company In this stage, the expectations of uncertainty are more. Change stage It helps the people in adopting new methods for accomplishing the various tasks assigned to them by the organization. The behavior of the people related to the organization starts changing. Active participation of the people can be seen, according to the change introduced (Hartzell, 2016). Refreeze stage Desirable shape can be seen in the working methods of the employees of the company as per according to the change introduced It provides complete information about the job to be performed. Future beliefs can be seen easily due to various efforts made by the people regarding to their job. Rewarding the people of the organization for the efforts made by them, which helps in motivating them as well as the other people of the organization for the successful achievements of their goals in the future for the sake of the company overall profit. Lewins model can be easily implemented in any small, medium or large organization, working according to three steps discussed above. This model helps the management in judging the reactions of the people of the organization regarding to the several changes introduces in that company. It helps in the successful implementation of the several changes required by making several effective impacts on the communication between the people of the company with each other and it empowers the people to work effectively and efficiently as per according to the change required by the company or an organization. Proscis Change management and ADKAR Model This theory is the mixture of various lessons related to the changes required. Firstly preparation is done according to the change, secondly the plan is selected. It helps the management to successfully implement the change without facing any problem during the whole process. ADKAR model consists of different factors or in other words, we can say that, ADKAR stands for Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, and Reinforcement. According to this model, the first task for the organization is to understand the method used to manage the change introduced within the organization starting from a group of people or from a single person. The successful implementation of the change by using this model consists of various factors, which are as discussed below. Each and every person of the company or an organization should have complete knowledge about the change required and should also have the knowledge about the requirement of that change in the particular organization (Team, 2016). An individual must have desire to work in the new environment with respect to that particular change. An individual should perform effectively in the new environment introduced by the management of the organization. Should have the ability of sustainable change by the reinforcement process. With the help of the above discussed factors, the organization can achieve its several goals by making the effective use of this model. Kotters 8-Step Change Model The successful implementation of the change required in the company according to this model is mainly dependent upon the percentage of the employees of the company getting involved in the various changes introduced by the management. According to the Kotters model, approximately 80 per cent of the employees should actively participate in the change required by the company. The eight important steps of this model are as discussed below. Step 1 In this step, the importance of the change introduced in the organization is shown to each and every person of the company so that, people can easily perform the various tasks assigned to them as soon as possible. Step 2 - In this step, employees of the company are distributed in different- different groups according to their skills so that, they can perform their tasks in a certain period of time (Kotter International, 2016). Step 3 In the third step of the Kotters model, a specific plan or a strategy is selected by the management of the company for accomplishing various tasks. Step 4 In this step, the main focus of the management of the company is on the goals to be achieved for a better future of the company. Step 5 - In this step, the management focuses on finding the solutions of the various problems being faced by the employees of the company, while accomplishing the task of change. Step 6 In the sixth step of the model, the employees of the company are rewarded for the various efforts made by them for the benefit of the organization. Step 7 In this step, the management of the company focuses on the hiring process of the employees for the company, so that they can easily help the company in achieving its several goals (Heraclitus, 2015). Step 8 In the last step of this model, the management makes various efforts for making connections between the success of the organization and the new behavior introduced due the new change. The Change Curve Model The various transition steps involved in the change are discussed in this model. With respect to the other models of the change management, this one is the strongest model of the current change management theory. Communication between the people in this model is a critical step. This model consists of four different- different steps, which are according to mentioned below. Stage 1 At this first stage of the model the status is quo and the stage at this step is of shock. As compared to the others, this step requires more time for providing solutions to the problems being faced. Stage 2 In the second step of this model, the stage is of disruption and the stage is about anger. The employees of the company feel stress at this very step of this model. Therefore, an organization needs to take several steps for avoiding these types of problems (Jaffe Scott, 2016). Stage 3 At the third stage of this model, the state is of exploration and the reaction is acceptance. Training is provided to the employees of the company so that, they can easily cope up with the various difficulties being faced by them during the implementation of any type of change I the organization. Stage 4 This is the last stage of this model, state at this step is about rebuilding and the commitment is the reaction. The various changes required by the organization are being tested at this stage. The management keeps an eye on the various benefits adopted due to the change introduced and thus, the celebration of the final success is made. Conclusion In the todays world, the change management is familiar with almost all the organizations working in the country. A nice change management easily connects more and more people towards itself and motivates them from time to time for effective and efficient implementation of current change management process in the organization. References Bourda, F., 2013. Change Management Theories and Methodologies: TCS, Available at: https://www.tcs.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/White%20Papers/EntSol-Whitepaper-Change-Management-Theories-Methodologies-0213-1.pdf Connelly, M., 2016. Change Management Models. Powerful solutions for positive change, Available at: https://www.change-management-coach.com/change-management-models.html Hartzell, S., 2016. Lewin's 3-Stage Model of Change: Unfreezing, Changing Refreezing, Available at: https://study.com/academy/lesson/lewins-3-stage-model-of-change-unfreezing-changing-refreezing.html Heraclitus, 2015. Kotter's 8-Step Change Model: Implementing Change Powerfully and Successfully: APHL, Available at: https://www.aphl.org/courses/Documents/2015/Kotter's%208-Step%20Change%20Model.pdf Jaffe, D. Scott, C., 2016. Mastering the Change Curve, Available at: https://www.nacada.ksu.edu/Resources/Journal/Current-Past-Book-Reviews/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/903/Mastering-the-Change-Curve-Second-Edition.aspx Kotter International, 2016. Kotters 8-Step Process for Leading Change, Available at: https://www.kotterinternational.com/the-8-step-process-for-leading-change/ Normandin, B., 2012. Three Types of Change Management Models, Available at: https://www.quickbase.com/blog/three-types-of-change-management-models Team, P., 2016. What is the ADKAR Model. [Online] Available at: https://www.prosci.com/adkar/adkar-model